2002. Maximum Product of the Length of Two Palindromic Subsequences
Description
Given a string s, find two disjoint palindromic subsequences of s such that the product of their lengths is maximized. The two subsequences are disjoint if they do not both pick a character at the same index.
Return the maximum possible product of the lengths of the two palindromic subsequences.
A subsequence is a string that can be derived from another string by deleting some or no characters without changing the order of the remaining characters. A string is palindromic if it reads the same forward and backward.
Example 1:
Input: s = "leetcodecom" Output: 9 Explanation: An optimal solution is to choose "ete" for the 1st subsequence and "cdc" for the 2nd subsequence. The product of their lengths is: 3 * 3 = 9.
Example 2:
Input: s = "bb" Output: 1 Explanation: An optimal solution is to choose "b" (the first character) for the 1st subsequence and "b" (the second character) for the 2nd subsequence. The product of their lengths is: 1 * 1 = 1.
Example 3:
Input: s = "accbcaxxcxx" Output: 25 Explanation: An optimal solution is to choose "accca" for the 1st subsequence and "xxcxx" for the 2nd subsequence. The product of their lengths is: 5 * 5 = 25.
Constraints:
2 <= s.length <= 12sconsists of lowercase English letters only.
Solutions
Solution 1: Binary Enumeration
We notice that the length of the string $s$ does not exceed $12$, so we can use the method of binary enumeration to enumerate all subsequences of $s$. Suppose the length of $s$ is $n$, we can use $2^n$ binary numbers of length $n$ to represent all subsequences of $s$. For each binary number, the $i$-th bit being $1$ means the $i$-th character of $s$ is in the subsequence, and $0$ means it is not in the subsequence. For each binary number, we judge whether it is a palindrome subsequence and record it in the array $p$.
Next, we enumerate each number $i$ in $p$. If $i$ is a palindrome subsequence, then we can enumerate a number $j$ from the complement of $i$, $mx = (2^n - 1) \oplus i$. If $j$ is also a palindrome subsequence, then $i$ and $j$ are the two palindrome subsequences we are looking for. Their lengths are the number of $1$s in the binary representation of $i$ and $j$, denoted as $a$ and $b$, respectively. Then their product is $a \times b$. We take the maximum of all possible $a \times b$.
The time complexity is $(2^n \times n + 3^n)$, and the space complexity is $O(2^n)$. Here, $n$ is the length of the string $s$.
Python3
class Solution:
def maxProduct(self, s: str) -> int:
n = len(s)
p = [True] * (1 << n)
for k in range(1, 1 << n):
i, j = 0, n - 1
while i < j:
while i < j and (k >> i & 1) == 0:
i += 1
while i < j and (k >> j & 1) == 0:
j -= 1
if i < j and s[i] != s[j]:
p[k] = False
break
i, j = i + 1, j - 1
ans = 0
for i in range(1, 1 << n):
if p[i]:
mx = ((1 << n) - 1) ^ i
j = mx
a = i.bit_count()
while j:
if p[j]:
b = j.bit_count()
ans = max(ans, a * b)
j = (j - 1) & mx
return ans
Java
class Solution {
public int maxProduct(String s) {
int n = s.length();
boolean[] p = new boolean[1 << n];
Arrays.fill(p, true);
for (int k = 1; k < 1 << n; ++k) {
for (int i = 0, j = n - 1; i < n; ++i, --j) {
while (i < j && (k >> i & 1) == 0) {
++i;
}
while (i < j && (k >> j & 1) == 0) {
--j;
}
if (i < j && s.charAt(i) != s.charAt(j)) {
p[k] = false;
break;
}
}
}
int ans = 0;
for (int i = 1; i < 1 << n; ++i) {
if (p[i]) {
int a = Integer.bitCount(i);
int mx = ((1 << n) - 1) ^ i;
for (int j = mx; j > 0; j = (j - 1) & mx) {
if (p[j]) {
int b = Integer.bitCount(j);
ans = Math.max(ans, a * b);
}
}
}
}
return ans;
}
}
C++
class Solution {
public:
int maxProduct(string s) {
int n = s.size();
vector<bool> p(1 << n, true);
for (int k = 1; k < 1 << n; ++k) {
for (int i = 0, j = n - 1; i < j; ++i, --j) {
while (i < j && !(k >> i & 1)) {
++i;
}
while (i < j && !(k >> j & 1)) {
--j;
}
if (i < j && s[i] != s[j]) {
p[k] = false;
break;
}
}
}
int ans = 0;
for (int i = 1; i < 1 << n; ++i) {
if (p[i]) {
int a = __builtin_popcount(i);
int mx = ((1 << n) - 1) ^ i;
for (int j = mx; j; j = (j - 1) & mx) {
if (p[j]) {
int b = __builtin_popcount(j);
ans = max(ans, a * b);
}
}
}
}
return ans;
}
};
Go
func maxProduct(s string) (ans int) {
n := len(s)
p := make([]bool, 1<<n)
for i := range p {
p[i] = true
}
for k := 1; k < 1<<n; k++ {
for i, j := 0, n-1; i < j; i, j = i+1, j-1 {
for i < j && (k>>i&1) == 0 {
i++
}
for i < j && (k>>j&1) == 0 {
j--
}
if i < j && s[i] != s[j] {
p[k] = false
break
}
}
}
for i := 1; i < 1<<n; i++ {
if p[i] {
a := bits.OnesCount(uint(i))
mx := (1<<n - 1) ^ i
for j := mx; j > 0; j = (j - 1) & mx {
if p[j] {
b := bits.OnesCount(uint(j))
ans = max(ans, a*b)
}
}
}
}
return
}