442. Find All Duplicates in an Array

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Description

Given an integer array nums of length n where all the integers of nums are in the range [1, n] and each integer appears at most twice, return an array of all the integers that appears twice.

You must write an algorithm that runs in O(n) time and uses only constant auxiliary space, excluding the space needed to store the output

 

Example 1:

Input: nums = [4,3,2,7,8,2,3,1]
Output: [2,3]

Example 2:

Input: nums = [1,1,2]
Output: [1]

Example 3:

Input: nums = [1]
Output: []

 

Constraints:

• n == nums.length
• 1 <= n <= 105
• 1 <= nums[i] <= n
• Each element in nums appears once or twice.

Solutions

Solution 1

Python3

class Solution:
    def findDuplicates(self, nums: List[int]) -> List[int]:
        for i in range(len(nums)):
            while nums[i] != nums[nums[i] - 1]:
                nums[nums[i] - 1], nums[i] = nums[i], nums[nums[i] - 1]
        return [v for i, v in enumerate(nums) if v != i + 1]

Java

class Solution {
    public List<Integer> findDuplicates(int[] nums) {
        int n = nums.length;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            while (nums[i] != nums[nums[i] - 1]) {
                swap(nums, i, nums[i] - 1);
            }
        }
        List<Integer> ans = new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            if (nums[i] != i + 1) {
                ans.add(nums[i]);
            }
        }
        return ans;
    }

    void swap(int[] nums, int i, int j) {
        int t = nums[i];
        nums[i] = nums[j];
        nums[j] = t;
    }
}

C++

class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> findDuplicates(vector<int>& nums) {
        int n = nums.size();
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            while (nums[i] != nums[nums[i] - 1]) {
                swap(nums[i], nums[nums[i] - 1]);
            }
        }
        vector<int> ans;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            if (nums[i] != i + 1) {
                ans.push_back(nums[i]);
            }
        }
        return ans;
    }
};

Go

func findDuplicates(nums []int) []int {
	for i := range nums {
		for nums[i] != nums[nums[i]-1] {
			nums[i], nums[nums[i]-1] = nums[nums[i]-1], nums[i]
		}
	}
	var ans []int
	for i, v := range nums {
		if v != i+1 {
			ans = append(ans, v)
		}
	}
	return ans
}