9. Palindrome Number 

Description

Given an integer x, return true if x is a palindrome, and false otherwise.

Example 1:

Input: x = 121
Output: true
Explanation: 121 reads as 121 from left to right and from right to left.

Example 2:

Input: x = -121
Output: false
Explanation: From left to right, it reads -121. From right to left, it becomes 121-. Therefore it is not a palindrome.

Example 3:

Input: x = 10
Output: false
Explanation: Reads 01 from right to left. Therefore it is not a palindrome.

Constraints:

-2³¹ <= x <= 2³¹ - 1

Follow up: Could you solve it without converting the integer to a string?

Solutions

Solution 1: Reverse Half of the Number

First, we determine special cases:

If $x < 0$, then $x$ is not a palindrome, directly return false;
If $x > 0$ and the last digit of $x$ is $0$, then $x$ is not a palindrome, directly return false;
If the last digit of $x$ is not $0$, then $x$ might be a palindrome, continue the following steps.

We reverse the second half of $x$ and compare it with the first half. If they are equal, then $x$ is a palindrome, otherwise, $x$ is not a palindrome.

For example, for $x = 1221$, we can reverse the second half from "21" to "12" and compare it with the first half "12". Since they are equal, we know that $x$ is a palindrome.

Let's see how to reverse the second half.

For the number $1221$, if we perform $1221 \bmod 10$, we will get the last digit $1$. To get the second last digit, we can first remove the last digit from $1221$ by dividing by $10$, $1221 / 10 = 122$, then get the remainder of the previous result divided by $10$, $122 \bmod 10 = 2$, to get the second last digit.

If we continue this process, we will get more reversed digits.

By continuously multiplying the last digit to the variable $y$, we can get the number in reverse order.

In the code implementation, we can repeatedly "take out" the last digit of $x$ and "add" it to the end of $y$, loop until $y \ge x$. If at this time $x = y$, or $x = y / 10$, then $x$ is a palindrome.

The time complexity is $O(\log_{10}(n))$, where $n$ is $x$. For each iteration, we will divide the input by $10$, so the time complexity is $O(\log_{10}(n))$. The space complexity is $O(1)$.

Python3

class Solution:
    def isPalindrome(self, x: int) -> bool:
        if x < 0 or (x and x % 10 == 0):
            return False
        y = 0
        while y < x:
            y = y * 10 + x % 10
            x //= 10
        return x in (y, y // 10)

Java

class Solution {
    public boolean isPalindrome(int x) {
        if (x < 0 || (x > 0 && x % 10 == 0)) {
            return false;
        }
        int y = 0;
        for (; y < x; x /= 10) {
            y = y * 10 + x % 10;
        }
        return x == y || x == y / 10;
    }
}

C++

class Solution {
public:
    bool isPalindrome(int x) {
        if (x < 0 || (x && x % 10 == 0)) {
            return false;
        }
        int y = 0;
        for (; y < x; x /= 10) {
            y = y * 10 + x % 10;
        }
        return x == y || x == y / 10;
    }
};

Go

func isPalindrome(x int) bool {
	if x < 0 || (x > 0 && x%10 == 0) {
		return false
	}
	y := 0
	for ; y < x; x /= 10 {
		y = y*10 + x%10
	}
	return x == y || x == y/10
}

TypeScript

function isPalindrome(x: number): boolean {
    if (x < 0 || (x > 0 && x % 10 === 0)) {
        return false;
    }
    let y = 0;
    for (; y < x; x = ~~(x / 10)) {
        y = y * 10 + (x % 10);
    }
    return x === y || x === ~~(y / 10);
}

Rust

impl Solution {
    pub fn is_palindrome(mut x: i32) -> bool {
        if x < 0 || (x != 0 && x % 10 == 0) {
            return false;
        }
        let mut y = 0;
        while x > y {
            y = y * 10 + x % 10;
            x /= 10;
        }
        x == y || x == y / 10
    }
}

JavaScript

/**
 * @param {number} x
 * @return {boolean}
 */
var isPalindrome = function (x) {
    if (x < 0 || (x > 0 && x % 10 === 0)) {
        return false;
    }
    let y = 0;
    for (; y < x; x = ~~(x / 10)) {
        y = y * 10 + (x % 10);
    }
    return x === y || x === ~~(y / 10);
};

C#

public class Solution {
    public bool IsPalindrome(int x) {
        if (x < 0 || (x > 0 && x % 10 == 0)) {
            return false;
        }
        int y = 0;
        for (; y < x; x /= 10) {
            y = y * 10 + x % 10;
        }
        return x == y || x == y / 10;
    }
}

PHP

class Solution {
    /**
     * @param Integer $x
     * @return Boolean
     */
    function isPalindrome($x) {
        if ($x < 0 || ($x && $x % 10 == 0)) {
            return false;
        }
        $y = 0;
        while ($x > $y) {
            $y = $y * 10 + ($x % 10);
            $x = (int) ($x / 10);
        }
        return $x == $y || $x == (int) ($y / 10);
    }
}